The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) toolkit is is a collection of tools and awareness material designed to help reduce the frequency and severity of approach and landing accidents and incidents, including controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents.

The toolkit is the product of work which was carried out by the FSF international ALAR Task Force and published in 1998. The primary database supporting the conclusions was a set of 76 approach and landing accidents which occurred between 1984 and 1997.

The ALAR Briefing Notes (see Further Reading below) are a fundamental component of the Toolkit. The following Briefing Notes are particularly relevant to CFIT avoidance:

• BN 1.1 through 1.6
• BN 2.1 through 2.4
• BN 3.1 and 3.2
• BN 5.1 through 5.4
• BN 6.1 through 6.4
• BN 7.1 through 7.4

The principal elements of the English language toolkit are available in SKYbrary. The complete toolkit on CD is available for sale from FSF in English, Spanish and Russian language versions (Copies of the FSF ALAR Toolkit may be obtained from the Flight Safety Foundation ALAR Toolkit Web-site).

Further Reading

The following material from the ALAR Toolkit is available direct from SKYbrary Bookshelf:

• Managing Threats and Errors during Approach and Landing

This presentation provides an overview of the prevention strategies and personal lines-of-defence related to runway overruns.

Other CFIT/ALAR Presentations:

• CFIT/ALAR Tool Kit “A Call For Action”
• An Approach & Landing Accident — It Could Happen to You

ALAR Briefing Notes:

• Introduction to ALAR Briefing Notes
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.1 — Operating Philosophy
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.2 — Automation
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.3 — Golden Rules
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.4 — Standard Calls
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.5 — Normal Checklists
• ALAR Briefing Note 1.6 — Approach Briefing
• ALAR Briefing Note 2.1 — Human Factors
• ALAR Briefing Note 2.2 — Crew Resource Management
• ALAR Briefing Note 2.3 — Pilot-Controller Communication
• ALAR Briefing Note 2.4 — Interruptions/Distractions
• ALAR Briefing Note 3.1 — Barometric Altimeter and Radio Altimeter
• ALAR Briefing Note 3.2 — Altitude Deviations
• ALAR Briefing Note 4.1 — Descent-and-approach Profile Management
• ALAR Briefing Note 4.2 — Energy Management
• ALAR Briefing Note 5.1 — Approach Hazards Overview
• ALAR Briefing Note 5.2 — Terrain
• ALAR Briefing Note 5.3 — Visual Illusions
• ALAR Briefing Note 5.4 — Wind Shear
• ALAR Briefing Note 6.1 — Being Prepared to Go Around
• ALAR Briefing Note 6.2 — Manual Go-around
• ALAR Briefing Note 6.3 — Terrain-avoidance (Pull-up) Maneuver
• ALAR Briefing Note 6.4 — Bounce Recovery — Rejected Landing
• ALAR Briefing Note 7.1 — Stabilized Approach
• ALAR Briefing Note 7.2 — Constant-angle Nonprecision Approach
• ALAR Briefing Note 7.3 — Visual References
• ALAR Briefing Note 7.4 — Visual Approach
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.1 — Runway Excursions and Runway Overrun
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.2 — The Final Approach Speed
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.3 — Landing Distances
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.4 — Braking Devices
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.5 — Wet or Contaminated Runways
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.6 — Wind Information
• ALAR Briefing Note 8.7 — Crosswind Landings